Tag: employment

NET JOBS GENERATION AND NET GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTION FROM PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL FUELS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Gustavo FERRO

Associate Professor and Independent Researcher, Universidad del CEMA (UCEMA) and CONICET

gaf97@ucema.edu.ar; gferro05@yahoo.com.ar

M. Priscila RAMOS

Professor and Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Economía. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política.

 mpramos@economicas.uba.ar

Carlos A. ROMERO

Professor and Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Economía. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política.

cromero@economicas.uba.ar

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the reach of net job creation and net emissions reduction from the partial substitution of conventional (fossil) energy sources by renewables in Southern Brazil. We examine a subset of renewable energy sources, namely, biogas. It has been established that biogas requires lower investment and is also more labor-intensive than fossil energies for comparable units. However, gross job generation does not account for job losses in reducing sectors. In order to account for production and industrial chain relationships, input-output analysis allows for ordering information and tracing the interrelations between industries. Concerning jobs and emissions, input-output tables and models are expressed in monetary units. In contrast, jobs are measured in units (full-time equivalent – FTE), and all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are in MtCO2e. These satellite accounts in physical units join Input-Output tables, transforming conventional into hybrid Input-Output analysis. Once the baseline is established (2018), we consider different scenarios of fossil fuel substitution by biogas and determine values for net job creation and net emissions generation. Results highlight the favorable impacts of the development of biogas to produce electricity generation in terms of greater production and net job creation while saving GHG emissions.

Keywords: biogas, Brazil, input-output, employment, GHG emissions

JEL classification: Q42, R15

pp. 143-153

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MEASURING GROSS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION POSSIBILITIES IN THE BIOGAS VALUE CHAIN IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Gustavo FERRO

Associate Professor and Independent Researcher, Universidad del CEMA (UCEMA) and CONICET. gaf97@ucema.edu.ar

gferro05@yahoo.com.ar.

M. Priscila RAMOS 

Adjunct Professor and Adjunct Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires.

mpramos@economicas.uba.ar

Carlos A. ROMERO

Adjunct Professor and Researcher at CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política (IIEP-BAIRES).

cromero@economicas.uba.ar

Abstract

Biogas is generated from substrates derived from agriculture and cattle, agroindustry (slaughterhouses, flour, and sugar mills), urban solid waste, and sewerage treatment. This study measures the current and potential production and gross employment in the biogas value chain in three southern states in Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). We offer two contributions: first, an input-output methodology to focus on the problem of disparate or nonexistent sectoral information, both in monetary and physical units; second, the quantitative results of output and gross job creation derived from shocks at the regional level. We calibrate input-output matrices of the three states with compatibilized sector entries, opening new ones for those not included in official statistics (derived from specific surveys). Once the baseline has been established, we consider three scenarios: demand-pull that achieves full capacity utilization, supply push that addresses new investments in the sector assuming guaranteed demand, and full utilization of substrates supply for biogas production. Employment multipliers are in line with literature on comparative activities found elsewhere in the world. Our findings support the hypothesis of the relatively high labor intensity in the biogas industry.

Keywords: biogas, Brazil, input-output, employment

JEL classification: Q42, R15

 pp. 21-37

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ECONOMIC TRENDS OF THE YOUTH LABOR MARKET IN UZBEKISTAN

Kalandar ABDURAKHMANOV

PhD in Economics, Professor, Tashkent Branch of G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

kalandar.abdurakhmanov1@gmail.com

Nodira ZOKIROVA

PhD in Economics, Professor, Tashkent Branch of G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

Abstract

The relevance of the study, confirmed by the growing scientific interest in the topic of youth employment in the labor market, is increasing in the context of the new paradigm of innovative development of the national economy in Uzbekistan. The feasibility of studying the economic aspects of the youth labor market development is determined by the high birth rate and the growing unmet demand of the population for educational services. It is obvious that the problem of ensuring the affordability of quality higher education as the main factor in the employment of young people in Uzbekistan is complicated and multidimensional. It is important to explore trends, formulate ways to develop the youth labor market and create a system for monitoring the compliance of the educational market offer with the employers’ demands in the labor market. This article is aimed at assessing the current realities, predicting the prospects for the foreseeable future, justifying the ways and specific measures to create irreversible conditions for the convergence of science, education and the real economy in the labor market of Uzbekistan.

Keywords: Unemployment, labor market, youth, education, employment

JEL classification: J00, J01, J08, J2, J20, J4, J40, J6, J60, J7, J70, J8, J80
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