Tag: input-output

NET JOBS GENERATION AND NET GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTION FROM PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL FUELS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Gustavo FERRO

Associate Professor and Independent Researcher, Universidad del CEMA (UCEMA) and CONICET

gaf97@ucema.edu.ar; gferro05@yahoo.com.ar

M. Priscila RAMOS

Professor and Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Economía. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política.

 mpramos@economicas.uba.ar

Carlos A. ROMERO

Professor and Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Economía. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política.

cromero@economicas.uba.ar

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the reach of net job creation and net emissions reduction from the partial substitution of conventional (fossil) energy sources by renewables in Southern Brazil. We examine a subset of renewable energy sources, namely, biogas. It has been established that biogas requires lower investment and is also more labor-intensive than fossil energies for comparable units. However, gross job generation does not account for job losses in reducing sectors. In order to account for production and industrial chain relationships, input-output analysis allows for ordering information and tracing the interrelations between industries. Concerning jobs and emissions, input-output tables and models are expressed in monetary units. In contrast, jobs are measured in units (full-time equivalent – FTE), and all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are in MtCO2e. These satellite accounts in physical units join Input-Output tables, transforming conventional into hybrid Input-Output analysis. Once the baseline is established (2018), we consider different scenarios of fossil fuel substitution by biogas and determine values for net job creation and net emissions generation. Results highlight the favorable impacts of the development of biogas to produce electricity generation in terms of greater production and net job creation while saving GHG emissions.

Keywords: biogas, Brazil, input-output, employment, GHG emissions

JEL classification: Q42, R15

pp. 143-153

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CATALYZING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSIGHTS: APPLICATIONS OF IMPLAN’S ENVIRONMENTALLY EXTENDED INPUT-OUTPUT (EEIO) MODELING FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION SCENARIOS

Tuyen PHAM

Assistant Professor of Research, Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Service Ohio University, Athens Ohio, United States of America

tuyen.pham@ohio.edu

G. Jason JOLLEY

Professor of Rural Economic Development, Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Service Ohio University, Athens Ohio, United States of America

jolleyg1@ohio.edu

Paul VALENTINE

Assistant Professor of Instruction, Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Service Ohio University, Athens Ohio, United States of America

valentine@ohio.edu

Joshua C. HALL

Milan Pusker Dean, John Chambers College of Business and Economics West Virginia University, West Virginia, United States of America

Joshua.Hall@mail.wvu.edu

Abstract

In the United States, regional scientists and economists frequently employ IMPLAN, a proprietary input-output (I-O) software, for assessing the economic ramifications of diverse interventions on the local economy. IMPLAN has recently incorporated the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) modeling as an optional extension within their subscription service. In this paper, we compare coal vs. solar production scenarios in Ohio (a state in the United States) as a case study to illustrate the seamless integration of EEIO modeling with traditional I-O modeling, showcasing its enhanced capabilities for evaluating economic and environmental impacts. In the case of Ohio, we found that the state’s plans to increase solar energy capacity and decrease coal energy capacity have a net positive impact on its economy when considering both economic and environmental aspects.

Keywords: Input-output, coal, solar, environmental impact

JEL classification: C67, R15, E01, P18

pp. 99-106

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MEASURING GROSS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION POSSIBILITIES IN THE BIOGAS VALUE CHAIN IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Gustavo FERRO

Associate Professor and Independent Researcher, Universidad del CEMA (UCEMA) and CONICET. gaf97@ucema.edu.ar

gferro05@yahoo.com.ar.

M. Priscila RAMOS 

Adjunct Professor and Adjunct Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires.

mpramos@economicas.uba.ar

Carlos A. ROMERO

Adjunct Professor and Researcher at CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política (IIEP-BAIRES).

cromero@economicas.uba.ar

Abstract

Biogas is generated from substrates derived from agriculture and cattle, agroindustry (slaughterhouses, flour, and sugar mills), urban solid waste, and sewerage treatment. This study measures the current and potential production and gross employment in the biogas value chain in three southern states in Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). We offer two contributions: first, an input-output methodology to focus on the problem of disparate or nonexistent sectoral information, both in monetary and physical units; second, the quantitative results of output and gross job creation derived from shocks at the regional level. We calibrate input-output matrices of the three states with compatibilized sector entries, opening new ones for those not included in official statistics (derived from specific surveys). Once the baseline has been established, we consider three scenarios: demand-pull that achieves full capacity utilization, supply push that addresses new investments in the sector assuming guaranteed demand, and full utilization of substrates supply for biogas production. Employment multipliers are in line with literature on comparative activities found elsewhere in the world. Our findings support the hypothesis of the relatively high labor intensity in the biogas industry.

Keywords: biogas, Brazil, input-output, employment

JEL classification: Q42, R15

 pp. 21-37

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