Tag: O18

ARE THE REGIONS WITH MORE GENDER EQUALITY THE MORE RESILIENT ONES? AN ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN REGIONS

Barbara MARTINI

Researcher of Policy Economics, University of Rome Tor Vergata (Italy)

barbara.martini@uniroma2.it

Marco PLATANIA

Researcher of Applied Economics, University of Catania (IT), Visiting Research Fellowship, University of Winchester (UK)

 marco.platania@unict.it

Abstract

The paper aims to investigate the relationship between gender equality and regional resilience. Literature, primarily regional literature, has shown limited interest in gender. Nevertheless, females and males are employed in different industries, so when a shock hits, it can have a different employment impact in terms of gender and, consequently, in terms of resilience. Regions are specialized in some industries. Regional specialization results from historical, cultural, natural endowments, and social elements. Also, the uneven distribution between females and males within industries involves social, cultural, and economic components. As a result, regional specialization determines an employment distribution that can be unequal regarding gender. This employment distribution is captured by the Dissimilarity Index, which measures the sum of the absolute difference in females’ and males’ distribution over occupations. Therefore, the dissimilarity index emerges as a consequence of regional specialization. This dissimilarity, in turn, could have an impact on resilience. Our results put several significant results forwards. First, there is a relationship between gender segregation and regional specialization. The higher the regional specialization in sectors where the females’ share is low, the higher the dissimilarity. Second, there was a positive relationship between resilience and gender equality from 2008 to 2013. The more gender equality regions are also the more resilient ones. Taking a sectoral occupation is not easy, including social values, cultural components, welfare, education, and soft skill. Policies should also address their efforts to enhance the welfare and social dimensions and break gender stereotypes.

Keywords: Gender, Regional specialization, Dissimilarity, Resilience, Italy

JEL classification: R10, R11, R19, O18

 pp. 71-94

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GROSS JOB – CREATION AND GROSS JOB – DESTRUCTION DETERMINANTS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSE AT MICRO FIRMS DATA LEVEL

Tadeu LEONARDO

Faculty of Economy – Univercity Jos´e Eduardo dos Santos UJES-Angola

tad.eufeca@hotmail.com

Francisco DINIZ

Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies (CETRAD); Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal, http://www.cetrad.info/

fdiniz@utad.pt

Abstract

This study analyses gross job-creation and gross job-destruction determinants at the firm level for a panel of Portuguese micro firms across four industry sectors, using the Ordinary Leat Square and Fixed Effect econometrics model to analyse a database consisting on 15.686 micro firms, for time period going from 2010 to 2017. It was found that laggard gross job-creation, assets tangibility, financial leverage, profits and the fact firms belong to the construction sector determines gross job-creation. Regarding gross job-destruction,  its was found that this variable is determined by its laggard variable, firm’s size, worker’s tenure and the fact the firm belongs to the hotels and restaurants sector. Finally, findings suggest that a resource-based approach explains gross job-creation and gross job-creation for micro firms by using microdata. This study contributes to the state of the art on the determinants of employment and firing at micro firms’ level as it investigates the importance of the independent variables in explaining micro firm’s labour demand in Portugal.

Keywords: Gross job-creation, gross job-destruction, micro firms, Portugal

JEL classification: M10, O14, O18, O44

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DETECTION OF FIRMS´ CLUSTERING BY LOCAL SCALING

Ilona BERKOVÁ

University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Economics

berkova@ef.jcu.cz

Tomáš MRKVIČKA

University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Economics

mrkvicka@ef.jcu.cz

Renata KLUFOVÁ

University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Economics

klufova@ef.jcu.cz

Radim REMEŠ

University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Economics

remes@ef.jcu.cz

Abstract

The paper analyses locations of headquarters of companies and their interactions by inhomogeneous point process, especially local scaling principles, because companies choose their locations according to the number of the local population. Relationships of the companies within economic sectors are studied using the analysis of locally scaled L function. The inhomogeneity was modelled using the local population, then the company’s size was included. Lastly the level of clustering in each sector was computed. The companies are located in three regions in the Czech Republic. It was found out that the companies tend to cluster when the population or the companies’ size is taken into account.

Keywords: Inhomogeneous point process, L-function, Global envelope test, Spatial clusters, Agglomeration

JEL classification: C21, L60, O18, R12

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