PERSON-ORIENTED IRRITABILITY, SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL STEREOTYPES AS FACTORS OF ADOPTING CONTROLLING OR NON-AGGRESSIVE POSITION BY STUDENTS

V.G. MARALOV

Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, RF

vgmaralov@yandex.ru

V.A. SITAROV

Moscow University for the Humanities, Moscow, RF

sitarov@mail.ru

Abstract

Introduction: The relevance of the problem is determined by the existing necessity to establish factors, mechanisms and conditions that are important for instilling the principles of non-aggressive behavior in students who propose to work in the sphere of psychological and educational support. The aim is to investigate the effect of person-oriented irritability, social and educational stereotypes on adopting either a controlling or manipulative position, or a non-aggressive position by students.

Materials and methods: In the present research, the following methods were adopted: theoretical (analysis, specification, generalization); empirical: unique techniques were developed for the purpose of studying intercommunication patterns between students, for determining levels of person-oriented irritability and the level of students’ rigidity; methods of statistical analysis of data: correlation analysis was performed, in which both linear and point-biserial (Pearson) correlation coefficient was employed. 133 students of both genders, average age 20, took part in the experiment, all of them proposing to work in the sphere of psychological and educational support (future teachers, psychologists, social care teachers) at Moscow University for the Humanities (60 persons) and Cherepovets State University (73 persons).

Results: The research helped to establish the following: a greater number of persons causing students’ irritation is associated with stronger factors for adopting controlling and manipulative positions. Vice versa, the low level of irritation caused by people is connected with more favorable conditions for adopting a non-aggressive position. We have also found out that the greatest rigidity of social and educational stereotypes is displayed by the students with apparent passive attitudes.

Discussion of results: we have characterized three groups of people that may cause a higher level of irritability, leading to adopting controlling and manipulative behavior patterns, the absence of which results in adopting a non-aggressive position. They include unsociable, reserved, slow or hyper-initiative persons. The most liable to social and educational rigidity are students with predominant passive position. Their attitude is characterized by prevalence of such stereotypes as denial of creative freedom for a university teacher, habit of obeying seniors’ orders, admitting necessity of strictness in a teacher, distrust of university’s character building potential (‘this work should be delegated to the family’).

Conclusion: we come to the conclusion that for the purpose of developing skills of non-aggressive communication, it is not enough for the future counselors of psychological and educational support just to be aware of ideas of non-aggression as a universal human value. It is also necessary to develop techniques that will teach students not to get irritated, to recognize and overcome their social and educational stereotypes.

The acquired results may be employed in practical training for creating a humanistic focus in personality development, for developing ability to build up relations avoiding overt and masked forms of pressure.

Keywords: non-aggressive communication, controlling behavior pattern, manipulative behavior pattern, non-aggressive behavior pattern, person-oriented irritability, social and educational stereotypes, students in the field of psychological and educational support.

JEL classification:

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH CARE AND TOURISM DEMAND IN IRANIAN ECONOMY

Majid FESHARI

Assistant Professor of Economics, Kharazmi University (Corresponding Author)

majid.feshari@gmail.com

Hedayat HOSSEINZADEH

Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Iran

hedhus@gmail.com

Abstract

The relationship between health care and international tourism is one of the important issues in tourism literature. The main objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between health care and international tourism in the long-run and short-run by using a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and Toda-Yamamoto approach over the time period of 1971-2016. The empirical results of this study indicate that there is a long-run relationship between health care and tourism. Health care has a positive and significant effect on the tourists’ arrivals as a proxy for international tourism demand. Moreover in the short-run, the results suggest that there is unilateral causality from health care to international tourism. Hence, the main implication policy of the study is that policy makers should adopt policies to improving health care and attract more international tourists.

Keywords: Health Care, International Tourism, FMOLS, Toda and Yamamoto Approach

JEL classification: C22, I10
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SHALE INDUSTRY’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION IN OHIO, USA: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE ACTIVITY IN THE STATE

Gilbert MICHAUD

PhD. Assistant Professor of Practice, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America

michaudg@ohio.edu

Abstract

Ohio’s shale industry serves as a significant facet of the state’s economy, employing nearly 150,000 and contributing over $22 billion of positive impacts as of 2015.  With advancements in hydraulic fracturing techniques, and access to the Marcellus and Utica shale plays in the eastern part of the state, Ohio has noteworthy potential for future shale development despite anecdotal discussion of a potential bust of the industry.  This research employed a multi-industry economic contribution analysis using IMPLAN and an input-output methodology with 2015 data to quantify the economic contribution of the shale industry across the entire State of Ohio, as well as a 26-county Appalachian Ohio region where most shale extraction activity is taking place.  Strong economic impact metrics are found for shale activity, including robust multiplier effects relative to other industries in the state.  Out of the six modeled shale-related sectors, Pipeline Transportation, by far, pays the highest wages.  Further, in order, the top five counties by total economic contribution per capita are Noble, Monroe, Belmont, Guernsey, and Washington.  In fact, roughly 90% of the gross regional product in Monroe and Noble counties is attributable to the shale industry.  With these findings, economic development and policy implications are highlighted, which are important as no other shale-play region in the U.S. is so disproportionally affected by resource extraction which contributes to regional poverty and negative pollution effects.  Retaining wealth in this region with the legacy of boom-and-bust resource extraction is ever important, and this paper provides a baseline for analysis when looking how the shale industry changes over time.

Keywords: Energy, Natural Resources, Rural Economics, Resource Policy

JEL classification: J68, O13, P48
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