Tag: O31

THE EUROPEAN RESPONSE TO OPEN SHIP REGISTRIES AND FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE THROUGH THE CREATION OF OFFSHORE AND INTERNATIONAL SHIP REGISTRIES

Panagiotis SAVIOLAKIS

Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Maritime Studies, University of Piraeus,

psaviolakis@unipi.gr

Michalis PAZARZIS

Professor, Neapolis University Pafos,

michalis.pazarzi@nup.ac.cy

Abstract

The main objective of this essay is to access the different forms of the European response to the challenge of the Open Ship Registries and the Flags of Convenience. The policies concerning the maritime sector adopted by the various European Countries differ significantly. The method followed to support this essay is bases mainly on the in-depth research in the regulatory framework established in the respective States as well as the European Institutions themselves. The analysis includes a multi-layered assessment of the key features of the Offshore and International Ship Registers. The findings of the current essay extend beyond the obligatory compliance to the legal restrictions posed by the Flag’s Authorities. They include important business characteristics such as the type of vessel, the geographical area of business activity and the tax regime. The novelty of this essay lies in the specialization in the shipping policies that were implemented by the European countries and the comparison among them.

Keywords:  Open Ship Registry, Flags of Convenience, Second Ship Registry, Offshore Ship Registry, International Ship Registry

JEL classification: F13, L92, O31, O38

 pp. 69-81

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DIVERSITY OR SPECIALIZARION? UNDERSTANDING KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVER MECHANISMS IN CHINA

Shicong XU

PhD candidate, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Suite 250 Ag. Administration Building, 2120 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA

Shicong.x@gmail.com

Abdoul G. SAM

Professor, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Suite 250 Ag. Administration Building, 2120 Fyffe Rd,  The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA, Corresponding author

Sam.7@osu.edu

Abstract

China’s rise to the top echelons of the world’s economies was accompanied by an expeditious growth in domestic patent applications. Not surprisingly, this phenomenon has spawned a growing literature trying to sort out the determinants of patented research in China. However, mostly due to data limitations, many of the papers on this topic use aggregated innovation data at the industry, prefecture, or province levels. In this paper, we examine the empirical validity of important theories of knowledge spillover in the context of China at a micro-level, using a firm-level panel dataset comprised of publicly traded companies listed in the Shanghai and ShenZhen Stock Exchanges during the 2006-2010 period. Our study sheds light on whether locating near innovative firms increases patenting activity in general, regardless of the industry membership of these neighboring firms. We also explore how industry makeup, measured by the number of firms in the same or different industries, affects firm-level patenting activity. Our econometric results show that the number of patent applications by firms in close geographic proximity of a firm of interest has a significant and positive impact on that firm’s successful patent applications. In addition, we find that proximity to firms in the same industry reduces innovation while locating near firms from different industries stimulates innovation.

Keywords: patents, knowledge diffusion, MAR spillover, Jacobs spillover, China

JEL classification: O31, O32, O33, R12, D22

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A NOTE ON SCHUMPETERIAN COMPETITION IN THE CREATIVE CLASS AND INNOVATION POLICY

Amitrajeet A. BATABYAL

Department of Economics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 92 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5604, USA.

aabgsh@rit.edu

Seung JICK YOO

Corresponding Author. Graduate School of International Service, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

sjyoo@sookmyung.ac.kr

Abstract

We study innovation policy in a region in which the members of the creative class engage in Schumpeterian competition and thereby extend aspects of the recent analysis in Batabyal and Yoo (2017). Using the language of these researchers, the creative class is broadly composed of existing and candidate entrepreneurs. In contrast to these researchers, we suppose that R&D by candidate entrepreneurs does not generate any negative externalities. In this setting, we analyze the impact that taxes and subsidies on R&D by existing and candidate entrepreneurs have on R&D expenditures and regional economic growth.

Keywords: Creative Class, Creative Destruction, Economic Growth, Innovation Policy, R&D

JEL classification: R11, O31, O38
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