Tag: R11

ARE THE REGIONS WITH MORE GENDER EQUALITY THE MORE RESILIENT ONES? AN ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN REGIONS

Barbara MARTINI

Researcher of Policy Economics, University of Rome Tor Vergata (Italy)

barbara.martini@uniroma2.it

Marco PLATANIA

Researcher of Applied Economics, University of Catania (IT), Visiting Research Fellowship, University of Winchester (UK)

 marco.platania@unict.it

Abstract

The paper aims to investigate the relationship between gender equality and regional resilience. Literature, primarily regional literature, has shown limited interest in gender. Nevertheless, females and males are employed in different industries, so when a shock hits, it can have a different employment impact in terms of gender and, consequently, in terms of resilience. Regions are specialized in some industries. Regional specialization results from historical, cultural, natural endowments, and social elements. Also, the uneven distribution between females and males within industries involves social, cultural, and economic components. As a result, regional specialization determines an employment distribution that can be unequal regarding gender. This employment distribution is captured by the Dissimilarity Index, which measures the sum of the absolute difference in females’ and males’ distribution over occupations. Therefore, the dissimilarity index emerges as a consequence of regional specialization. This dissimilarity, in turn, could have an impact on resilience. Our results put several significant results forwards. First, there is a relationship between gender segregation and regional specialization. The higher the regional specialization in sectors where the females’ share is low, the higher the dissimilarity. Second, there was a positive relationship between resilience and gender equality from 2008 to 2013. The more gender equality regions are also the more resilient ones. Taking a sectoral occupation is not easy, including social values, cultural components, welfare, education, and soft skill. Policies should also address their efforts to enhance the welfare and social dimensions and break gender stereotypes.

Keywords: Gender, Regional specialization, Dissimilarity, Resilience, Italy

JEL classification: R10, R11, R19, O18

 pp. 71-94

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DRAWING AN INDICATOR OF TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS AND EXAMINING ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TOURISM SEASONALITY FOR THE GREEK PREFECTURES

Thomas KRABOKOUKIS

Researcher, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, Volos, 38334, Greece

tkrabokoukis@uth.gr

Serafeim POLYZOS

Professor, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, Volos, 38334, Greece

spolyzos@uth.gr

Abstract

Within the context that tourism competitiveness is a complex concept, this article proposes a conceptual framework and uses Pena’s P2 distance synthetic index (DP2) to classify the Greek prefectures according to their competitiveness. This paper aims to define the potentials of Greek prefectures through the tourism competitiveness index. Additionally, examines the relationship between tourism competitiveness and tourism seasonality which is a significant phenomenon that affects tourism every destination globally. The study utilizes a total of 66 variables, and the data were processed using the Package ‘p2distance’ in R Studio. The analysis reveals four groups according to their values in the tourism competitiveness index (DP2) and tourism seasonality (RSI). In these four groups, tourism carrying capacity and tourism saturation indexes from previous studies are also presented in the last section. Overall, the analysis supports multidisciplinary and synthetic research in the modeling of tourism research and promotes the DP2 synthetic index in the study of tourism competitiveness. The overall analysis can propose a tool for tourism management and regional policy, as these are complex concepts. The proposed approach advances the DP2 index as a quantitative measure for tourism competitiveness and compares the results with tourism seasonality

Keywords: tourism competitiveness, tourism attractiveness, tourism seasonality, regional and tourism development, DP2 synthetic index

JEL classification: R10, R11, R58, C43, Z32

 pp. 55-70

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A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF COSTS, WASTE TREATMENT, POLLUTION IN THE GANGES, AND LEATHER PRODUCTION BY TANNERIES IN KANPUR, INDIA

Amitrajeet A. BATABYAL

Arthur J. Gosnell Professor of Economics, Departments of Economics and Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623-5604, USA

aabgsh@rit.edu

Seung Jick YOO

Corresponding Author, Professor, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

sjyoo@sookmyung.ac.kr

Abstract

We theoretically analyze the interaction between two representative and real tanneries, denoted by  and  that are located on the same bank of the Ganges River in Kanpur, India. Tannery  is situated upstream from tannery  Both tanneries produce leather and leather production by tannery  also gives rise to chemical waste that adversely affects the cost incurred by tannery  in producing leather. In this setting, we perform four tasks. First, we determine the amount of chemical waste and the leather produced by tanneries  and  in a competitive equilibrium. Second, we explain why this competitive equilibrium is inefficient from a societal standpoint. Third, we ascertain the socially optimal amount of leather produced by the two tanneries. Finally, we illustrate the working of our theoretical model with a specific example in which we use explicit functional forms and numbers.

Keywords: Ganges River, Leather Production, Tannery, Waste Treatment, Water Pollution

JEL classification: R11, R22, R32, Q52, Q53

 pp. 47-53

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