HOW TO DEVELOP AN EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN GDP BY SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Sabyasachi  TRIPATHI

Assistant Professor, Department of Economics Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

sabya.tripathi@gmail.com

Abstract

The present paper tries to understand the causes behind the emergence of India’s large agglomeration (or giant cities) and how these large agglomerations are linked with economic growth. In addition, the distribution of urban economic growth is measured by the estimation of poverty, inequality and pro-poorness. The paper suggests that the upcoming “Smart cities” in India will emerge as a greater platform for future development of urban India, only if these cities surely ensure smart distribution of the fruits of urban economic growth to the poorer section of urban dwellers.

Keywords: Agglomeration, Economic growth, Poverty, Inequality, Urban India

JEL classification: O18, R11, D63

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THE EMPLOYABILITY AND WELFARE OF FEMALE LABOR MIGRANTS IN INDONESIAN CITIES

Devanto SHASTA PRATOMO

Senior Lecturer, Brawijaya University Indonesia

dede_gsu02@yahoo.com

Abstract

The aim of the study, first, is to examine which factors are important to explain the employment status of female labour migrants in the cities in Indonesia. The second aim is to examine the welfare of female labour migrants measured by their earnings to occupation and poverty status in the cities. This study takes advantage of a data source of Rural Urban Migration of Indonesia and China (RUMiCI) of 2011 conducted by Australian National University (ANU) focusing on four Indonesian cities, including Tangerang, Samarinda, Medan, and Makassar. The study concludes that female migrants survive in the cities in terms of their employability and welfare. Although there is no significant difference in terms of their occupation status compared to female non-migrants, female life-time migrants mostly receive higher earnings and less likely to be living under poverty. Education is an important predictor for employability and welfare of female migrants.

Keywords: Rural-Urban Migration, Female Workers, Employment, Poverty

JEL classification: J61, I32, J16
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