temperature – Regional Science Inquiry

Ibrahim HOXHA

Associate Professor, Faculty of Agribusiness, Haxhi Zeka University, Peja, Republic of Kosovo

ibrahim.hoxha@unhz.eu

(Corresponding Author)

Abstract

The aim of the paper was to determine the influence of temperature and different amounts of sodium hydrogen carbonate on the texture and color of tea cakes obtained under laboratory conditions. Each mix varied according to the amount of sodium bicarbonate added, the granulation of the sugar, or the baking temperature. Product texture was analyzed daily using a texture analyzer and color was measured using a Minolta Chroma meter. After baking the tested samples, measurements were made of the length and height of the tea cakes, as well as the dynamics of changes in water activity and moisture content during baking. The results of texture analysis showed that an increased percentage of sodium bicarbonate decreases the strength of tea cakes, while at higher temperatures, strength and brittleness increase. In terms of color, the results showed that comparing the total color change of tea paste obtained from different blends and roasted at different temperatures, the least color change in most cases was the blend with the lowest percentage of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Keywords: tea paste, texture, color, temperature, sodium bicarbonate

JEL classification:

pp. 77-91

Imade Yoga PRASADA

Junior Lecturer in Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Putra Bangsa, Jl Ronggowarsito No. 18 Kebumen 54361, Indonesia

imade.yogap@gmail.com

Aura DHAMIRA

Department of Agricultural Socioeconomics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

aura.dhamira@mail.ugm.ac.id

Agus Dwi NUGROHO

Junior Lecturer in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia ,PhD Student in Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, Hungary

agus.dwi.n@mail.ugm.ac.id

Abstract

South Sumatra Province is known as Indonesia’s largest natural rubber-producing center. In the last few decades, South Sumatra has faced climate change issues marked by increased variability of maximum temperature, mean temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall. On the other hand, smallholder rubber plantations are considered to be particularly vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify the climatic factors that affect the productivity of smallholder rubber plantations in South Sumatra. The data was gathered from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics from January 2006 to December 2019. A quadratic regression model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that maximum temperature, mean temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall affect the productivity of smallholder rubber plantations. Maximum temperature and rainfall indicate a pattern that is increasing to the optimum point of 32.29 °C and 281.40 mm respectively and after that, it will slow down. The mean temperature and minimum temperature show a pattern that is decreasing to the optimum point of 26.84 °C and 22.14 °C respectively and after that, it will slow down.

Keywords: productivity, smallholder rubber plantations, temperature, rainfall

JEL classification: Q15, Q54, Q57

pp. 109-121

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Nexhdet SHALA

Professor, Faculty of Agribusiness, Haxhi Zeka University, Peja, Republic of Kosovo

nexhdet.shala@unhz.eu