PERCEIVED AND DESIRED IMAGES OF SOCIETY: HOW (UN)EQUAL IS SOCIETY?

Algis KRUPAVIČIUS

Professor, Mykolas Romeris University, Institute of Political Sciences, Faculty of Public Governance

algis.krupavicius@mruni.eu

Ligita ŠARKUTĖ

Associate Professor, Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Kaunas, Lithuania

ligita.sarkute@vdu.lt

Armand KRASNIQI

Professor, Faculty of Law, University “Haxhi Zeka” Peja, Kosovo.

armand.krasniqi@unhz.eu

(Corresponding Author)

Christos Ap. LADIAS

Professor, Regional Science Inquiry Journal

ladias@rsijournal.eu

Abstract

In the contemporary world, it is very important to understand                     how people see and perceive our societies themselves. The main research objective of this article is to study imagined – perceived and desired – types of society using comparative analysis. The target group is composed of the 23 countries which participated in social inequality studies of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) in 2009 and 2019. Among the questions to answer in this study are: What is the gap between the assessment of perceived and desired types of society? How are the perceived images of society related to different macro socioeconomic and political conditions? How are individual assessments influenced by sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics? The shortage of studies on topics relating to these questions justifies the importance of this article. A novelty of this study is not only in the cross-national comparison of images of society, but also in the linking of this concept to human and social capital, well-being, and subjective identities. The research results show that contemporary societies are perceived as socially unequal in most countries; however, the majority of populations still expect to live in more just societies in future.

Keywords: Images of society, inequality, subjective social class, International Social Survey Program.

JEL classification:

 pp. 55-70

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REGIONAL DYNAMICS AND STATE-LEVEL PERFORMANCE IN INDIA’S INDIRECT TAX SCENARIO: EXPLORING GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST) REVENUE JOURNEY

Gajanan BHARAT HALDANKAR

Assistant professor, Department of Commerce, VVM’s Shree Damodar college of Commerce & Economics, Goa, India

Gajanan.haldankar@vvm.edu.in.

(Corresponding author)

Santosh PATKAR

Professor & Principal, Sridora Caculo College of Commerce and Management Studies, Goa, India

patkar_santosh@rediffmail.com.

Abstract

Goods and Services tax was implemented in India from 2017 as a new indirect tax law intended to simplify and consolidate the previous tax system. India is a country with large population with diverse geographical regions, it becomes paramount for assessing the GST performance across different regions of the nation. For achieving the goal of the research secondary data of GST revenue from all 28 states and 8 union territories were collected and categorized into six regions. For the study Graph analysis, descriptive analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed using Jamovi statistical software. The results of the study demonstrated the States/UTs that excel in terms of GST collection in their designated regions. In Northern region Haryana stands out, Assam leads the pack in Northeastern region, in central region Uttar Pradesh demonstrated a strong performance, in Eastern region West Bengal excels, Maharashtra performs well in the Western region and in Southern region the State of Karnataka is the best performer. These States demonstrated exceptional performance in collecting GST revenue within their regions. Additionally, the study revealed an upward trend in GST revenue performance across all regions of India particularly in Western region. However, it also indicates that certain States/UT’s & regions are not performing up to expectations when considering their population size. This research work gives a valuable perspective for the tax department, researchers and policymakers empowering them to develop strategies that can boost the region wise GST revenue collection and will help in promoting economic growth of the country.

Keywords: Indirect Tax, Goods and Services Tax (GST), Revenue performance, Region, India

JEL classification: H71, H20, H21

 pp. 39-53

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MEASURING GROSS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION POSSIBILITIES IN THE BIOGAS VALUE CHAIN IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Gustavo FERRO

Associate Professor and Independent Researcher, Universidad del CEMA (UCEMA) and CONICET. gaf97@ucema.edu.ar

gferro05@yahoo.com.ar.

M. Priscila RAMOS 

Adjunct Professor and Adjunct Researcher, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires.

mpramos@economicas.uba.ar

Carlos A. ROMERO

Adjunct Professor and Researcher at CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política (IIEP-BAIRES).

cromero@economicas.uba.ar

Abstract

Biogas is generated from substrates derived from agriculture and cattle, agroindustry (slaughterhouses, flour, and sugar mills), urban solid waste, and sewerage treatment. This study measures the current and potential production and gross employment in the biogas value chain in three southern states in Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). We offer two contributions: first, an input-output methodology to focus on the problem of disparate or nonexistent sectoral information, both in monetary and physical units; second, the quantitative results of output and gross job creation derived from shocks at the regional level. We calibrate input-output matrices of the three states with compatibilized sector entries, opening new ones for those not included in official statistics (derived from specific surveys). Once the baseline has been established, we consider three scenarios: demand-pull that achieves full capacity utilization, supply push that addresses new investments in the sector assuming guaranteed demand, and full utilization of substrates supply for biogas production. Employment multipliers are in line with literature on comparative activities found elsewhere in the world. Our findings support the hypothesis of the relatively high labor intensity in the biogas industry.

Keywords: biogas, Brazil, input-output, employment

JEL classification: Q42, R15

 pp. 21-37

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