DYNAMIC HYDROELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN APEC COUNTRIES AND INDIA

ALIASUDDIN

Associate Professor at the Department of Economics, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

aliasuddin@unsyiah.ac.id

Reka RAMADHANA

Student at the Department of Economics, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

rekaramadhana@gmail.com

Abstract

This study is to analyze the effect of economic growth on hydroelectricity consumption in APEC countries and India. The study uses panel data from 1994 to 2016 with 391 total samples, where the variables in the study are economic growth and hydroelectricity consumption.  Panel ARDL is utilized to analyze both short-run and long-run economic growth effects on hydroelectricity consumptions.  The results show that there is a positive and significant effect of economic growth on hydroelectricity consumptions in APEC countries and India.  To minimize the productions of carbon dioxide, it is recommended to optimize hydroelectricity consumptions in this area because this area is the highest carbon dioxide producers in the world.  It is crucial to achieving sustainability in productions and consumptions in this region.

Keywords: hydroelectricity, economic growth, APEC, Panel ARDL

JEL classification: Q01, Q32, Q35, Q43
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IS THERE A CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAW ENFORCEMENT, CRIME RATES, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH? AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM WESTERN INDONESIA

Syarifuddin HASYIM

Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

syarifuddin_hasyim@unsyiah.ac.id

Muhammad ZULHILMI

Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

muha.zul@gmail.com

Khairul AMRI

Lecturer, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-raniry,

Banda Aceh, Indonesia

khairul.amri@ar-raniry.ac.id

(corresponding author)

Abstract

The economic impact of law enforcement and crime rates empirically has not been widely revealed by researchers. In fact, in general, economic activities can be related to security factors. This study analyzes the influence of law enforcement and crime on economic growth. Using a panel data set of 8 provinces from western Indonesia during the period 2006-2017, the study found that there were no long-run relationships between the three variables. In the short-run, law enforcement and crime rates have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Law enforcement has a significant and negative effect on crime rates, and vice versa crime rates have a positive and significant effect on law enforcement. The results of the Granger causality test indicate the existence of bidirectional causality between crime rates and law enforcement and between law enforcement and economic growth. Furthermore, unidirectional causality exists running from crime to economic growth.

Keywords: Economic Growth, Law Enforcement, Crime Rates, Panel Vector Autoregressive, and Granger Causality Test.

JEL classification: K14, K42, O47
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ANALYSIS ON TRAVEL EXPENDITURE BY OCCUPATION FOR JAPAN DOMESTIC TRAVEL

Kenichi SHIMAMOTO

Associate Professor, Hirao School of Management, Konan University, Japan

ken_japan51@hotmail.com

Abstract

There is growing interest in the travel market with its significant impact on the economy and society. This paper attempts to provide some insight to the Japan domestic travel market by analysing the travel related purchasing behaviour by occupation. It examines travel related expenditure covering five consumption items for domestic travel with and without overnight stays by Japan residents. The occupations examined are management; professionals and engineers; administration; retail, service and security; agriculture, lumbering, fishing; manufacturing, transport, construction, field work; housewives; students; retired and unemployed. The results find that the greatest difference by occupation is the partiality agriculture, lumbering and fishing and housewives have towards package tours, holidays and vacation for travel with and without overnight stays. Concerning travel with overnight stays, management, professionals and engineers exhibited similar purchasing behaviours and for travel without overnight stays, professionals, engineers, administration retail, service and security displayed similar preferences. Students showed an exceptionally strong partiality towards entrance and attraction expenditure when travelling without overnight stays. Another significant result is the weak preference by management for travel gifts and shopping. The purchasing behaviour of manufacturing, transport, construction and field work were the closest to the average traveller.

Keywords: occupation, travel expenditure, consumption item, Japan domestic overnight travel

JEL classification: J10, Z30, Z33
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