FLYPAPER NONPROFITS: CROWDING IN AND CROWDING OUT EFFECTS OF GRANTS ON NONPROFIT FINANCE

Orkhan ISMAYILOV

Department of Public Administration, University of North Texas, (940) 565- 2165
Orkhan.Ismayilov@unt.edu

Abstract

The flypaper effect is a concept most commonly used by economists to study effect of funding by the federal government on state and local government finance. The argument is that funds allocated by a larger institution to smaller institutions changes policies and revenue base of fund receiving institutions. Similar concept is used to study the effect of government grants on nonprofit finance. The argument is that grant money pushes aside private donations that nonprofit organizations receive. However, the literature on the flypaper effect on grant money varies based on disciplines. The literature on the flypaper effect comes from three main disciplines, such as Economics, Business, and Public Administration. Additionally, the literature also highlights that grant money creates crowding in and out effects. The purpose of this paper is analyze and highlight the literature from three main disciplines, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of crowding in and out effects of grant funding. Findings indicate that grants have an effect on organizational revenue, policies, mission, public support, and service effectiveness.

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EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON POLLUTION REDUCTION AND FIRM LOCATION

Kenichi SHIMAMOTO

Hirao School of Management, Konan University, Nishinomiya, Japan
kenichi@center.konan-u.ac.jp

Abstract

Urban pollution continues to be a crucial issue in cities across the globe, especially in developing countries. Examining the effect pollution tax has on a firm’s decision to locate closer/further to the urban centre will be worthy from an environmental preservation perspective. This paper analyses the relationship between pollution tax and the firm’s location when considering the firm’s efficiency of pollution abatement and its efficiency of production. The results find that a firm which has exhibited increasing returns to scale in pollution abatement performance in response to pollution tax increases its output level. It also shows that the firm’s location depends on the efficiency of pollution abatement and production efficiency. The changes to pollution level at the urban centre due to pollution tax depends on the changes to the firm’s output level, the firm’s location choice, and the firm’s pollution abatement performance.

Keywords: firm location, environmental regulations, pollution abatement, efficiency

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PATHOLOGY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN IRAN DURING THE PERIOD 2005 -2015

Kerāmatollāh ZIĀRIL

Department of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
zayyari@ut.ac.ir

Alireza MOHAMMADI

Department of Geography, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
a.mohammadi@uma.ac.ir

Abstract

In this paper, the management style for regional development in Iran was pathologized. 370 experts were questioned and in order to choose an appropriate style, 30 experts were interviewed through Delphi technique. Statistics methods such as X2 tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and multi criteria decision methods such as ANP and PROMETEE II were used to giving weight, analyzing, ranking and selecting the appropriate style of management. The research findings indicate that, the majority of experts believe that the management style for regional development in Iran has been completely inefficient during the period 2005-2015, and needs serious reforms. Based on data analyses and use of MCDM and findings, the appropriate management style was selected among various management styles. Finally, “the Network Governance” was proposed as a appropriate style and some recommendation was provided for implementation of this style to regional management in Iran.

Keywords: Pathology, regional development, appropriate management style, Iran, decision analysis

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